International Journal of Geoscience, Engineering and Technology

Morphometric characterization of the Todos os Santos river basin in Minas Gerais – Brazil

Jorge Luiz dos Santos Gomes — 2020-04-30

This study aimed to morphometric characterization of the watershed of the Todos os Santos River (TSR), located in the northeast of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The Todos os Santos River is one of the most important tributaries of the Mucuri River in the Mucuri Valley. Based on the digital elevation model, known as SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) the data were processed in open software to obtain the slope, elevations and aspect values, in addition to delineate the watershed and extracting the streams, which presented through maps, tables and graphs. Furthermore, the whole proceed data were reclassified in a new data range (called classes) according to different criteria for each type of data. The TSR basin has an altimetric amplitude of 830m. The biggest elevation area is class 3 (range: 300 to 400m) with 604.78 km², that represents 27.53% of the total area of the watershed. The most predominant slope is undulating relief, corresponding 49.67% (1091 km²) of the TSR watershed total area. About the aspects (slope orientation) there is trend direction to NE-SW but, the distribution of the aspect classes throughout the river basin showing a balance in the distribution of the slope directions. The results also indicated that the headwaters of the TSR have a higher slope variation after this point, the river shows uniformity behavior. The results accomplished may serve as a guide for other works in the TSR watershed and similar regions.

Geological formations of the Mucuri river path in the State of Minas Gerais

Antônio Jorge de Lima Gomes — 2020-04-30

In this work, the geological formations along the Mucuri River in the State of Minas Gerais were identified in order to contribute to multidisciplinary engineering projects, mainly for the consolidation of urban, rural and environmental planning. The Mucuri River is formed by the junction of the Mucuri do Norte and Mucuri do Sul rivers. The first appears in the municipality of Malacacheta at 720m height and the second in the municipality of Ladainha at 750m of height. The processes of metamorphism and later weathering, associated to erosion, along the geological time, modelled the landscape of the region, transforming its territory with different heights. Many places in the region have quaternary alluvial soil suitable for growing grasses adapted to the flooding of the river. In the source of the South Mucuri River, in the municipality of Malacacheta, appear the Serra Negra Formation, belonging to the Guanhães Group, which consists of banded biotite-gneiss. The geological formations that follow the waterway of the Mucuri River have characteristics of Neoproterozoic rocks (late-tectonic granites of the Galiléia Intrusive Suite, of the Rio Doce Group), and of the Eocambrian (post-tectonic late granites of the Aimorés Intrusive Suite), aged 585 to 630 Ma. The eighteen formations found are respectively: Serra Negra Formation, Concórdia do Mucuri Formation, Leucogranite Caraí, Tumiritinga Formation (Marble), Tumiritinga Formation, Tonalite São Vitor, Topazio Granodiorite, Leucogranite Faísca, Wolff Granite, Caladão Granite, Charnockite Padre Paraíso, Kinzigitic gneiss, Leucogranite Carlos Chagas, Ataléia Granite, alluvial soil, Nanuque Granite, Underbite Mangalô and Granite Rio Mucuri.

Relation between use and occupation of soil and water quality in Mucuri’s basin

Ana Luiza Grateki Barbosa — 2020-04-30

Knowing the characteristics of water bodies, especially those that directly attend the population, is essential to maintain parameters of water quality. Antropic action and soil properties directly interfere in the quality of water bodies. In order to recognize and identify water quality, the Minas Gerais Water Management Institute evaluates 9 parameters that, analyzed, give rise to the Water Quality Index, which translates in an objective way to the authorities and public the influence of development processes on the environmental dynamics of aquatic environments (IGAM, 2017). Based on this, this study seeks to compare information from the IQA of the Mucuri River Basin with the use and occupation of soil in this region, in order to identify the influence of soil use on water quality. It was observed better values of IQA for regions near forest areas and a negative impact on the IQA caused by the presence of the main urban center of the Mucuri Basin.

Learning and educating with ecological ink: a tutorial teaching practice in the Serra do Espinhaço

Janaíne dos Anjos Ferraz — 2020-04-30

The present work is an extension project developed by the Tutorial Education Program (PET) - Strategies to reduce the retention and dropout of academics at UFVJM. This project aimed to develop and teach the lay population in the Diamantina region to produce ecological, inexpensive and efficient paints, from the sieved soil under dilution with water and PVA - Polyvinyl Acetate glue, in order to use them to paint facades of houses and buildings of poor families or communities present in the locality. Therefore, for the performance of the project, volunteer students were selected who had an academic performance coefficient (CRA) of less than 60 or with one or more failures in subjects, in order to meet the purposes of this PET group, combating retention and evasion. During the project, the volunteer team was monitored for the performance of CRA, trained in the production of paints and in the promotion of workshops in educational institutions, which brought up issues inherent to environmental education and the production and viability of ecological paints. The project contributed to the exchange of experiences and bonds between the external and academic community, through technical visits and offered workshops.

The influences of geological formations on water flow in wells in the municipality of Teófilo Otoni

Breno Alcântara Silva — 2020-04-30

The present work had as main objective to associate the water flow rates found in tubular wells with the geological formations in the municipality of Teófilo Otoni in Brazil. This study focused on the identification of lithological formation at the well sites and whether the presence or absence of water in them is influenced by them. For this, data were collected from all tubular wells registered in the Groundwater Information System (SIAGAS) in the study area. This system is a database with all available information about groundwater wells collected in Brazil. In total, 200 data were found in the system, 74 from tubular wells, 117 from spring, 7 from excavated wells (cacimba/cistern) and 2 from monitoring wells. However, only 53 wells identified in the fissural system in the study area had flow data, static and dynamic levels. Those wells that lacked information about geological formation were analyzed together with geological maps. The results achieved that the Tumiritinga, Tonalito São Vitor and Granito Criciúma formations obtained the best well flow averages after stabilization, respectively with the values of 19.78, 18.58 and 17.36 m³/h. Wells 55 and 63 had the highest flow rates. It was noted that both were close to small lagoons that may be contributing to the maintenance of their recharge.

The Capões of Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest in the Cerrados and Rupestrian Fields of the Espinhaço Chain

Thamyres Sabrina Gonçalves — 2020-04-30

This work presents a review of Brazilian phytogeography focusing on the forest enclaves that occur in the form of Capões de mata. The objective is to support the understanding of the phytogeography of these Capons in the region of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. The methods adopted was based on a bibliographical review, theoretical references that are found among the major works, as well as researchers of the most recent Brazilian phytogeography. The research results show a range of information that greatly contributes to the understanding of how they were formed, the distribution processes, and the functional ecology of these ecosystems. The final considerations lead to the understanding of the need to connect data from different knowledge areas such as climatology, geomorphology, botany, ecology, pedology, geology and anthropology so that these forest beds can be used as a basis for the phytogeographic reconstitution of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional.

Consumption of treated water in the cities of Governador Valadares and Teófilo Otoni between 2013 and 2017

Alice Rodrigues de Matos — 2020-04-30

The issue of water consumption in Brazil has been increasingly valued as it reduces its availability and quality. The National Sanitation Information System is considered a relevant database with registered information and indicators. Governador Valadares is a municipality located in the Rio Doce basin that suffered from the breach of the bottom dam in November 2015. Teófilo Otoni has Rio de Todos os Santos as the main responsible for the city's water supply. The objective of this work was to identify from the SNIS data or the panorama of water consumption between 2013 and 2017, how to compare the population served with water consumption, the volume produced and the volume treated by the ETAs, or the micro-measured volume with an amount of active residential use of micro-measured water, and the volume of daily water consumption per capita with the reality of each municipality. As statistics shown in the municipality of Governador Valadares show an increase in its total population, also having an increase in the population served with water consumption by SAAE, they had a decrease in water consumption per inhabitant / day from 2015, which coincide with the year of the Fundão dam rupture. Teófilo Otoni also showed a population increase, but COPASA did not keep up with this increase, it showed a reduction in the total population served by him, but there was an increase in the number of years of water consumption per inhabitant / day.

Quali-quantitative diagnosis and urban tree map in Marajoara neighborhood in the city Teófilo Otoni – MG

Karla Thais Alkimim Reis — 2020-04-30

Urban afforestation is really important in urban centers, however, few Brazilian cities have effective planning for the afforestation of their public roads. This paper aims to diagnose a situation of urban afforestation in the Marajoara neighborhood, located in the city of Teófilo Otoni - MG. For this diagnosis, the data were collected using a questionnaire with a qualitative and quantitative assessment and mapping of adult trees, registering 324 trees. The phytosanitary state, size, root problems, need for pruning, crown status, interference from trees on public roads and conflicts with the electrical systems of the streets were observed; The Afforestation Index measured by Kilometer of afforested sidewalk in the city of Teófilo Otoni presented a value classified as insufficient (20.72). It is recommended for Teófilo Otoni an articulated planning between the City Hall and a local energy concessionaire, so that urban afforestation can be developed effectively with techniques for installation and maintenance of trees.

Origin and phytogeographic evolution of the Rupestrian Fields of the Espinhaço Chain

Thamyres Sabrina Gonçalves — 2020-04-30

At the moment when new sketches of South American phytogeographic regions and morphoclimatic domains are frequently produced, the relevance of a review of the origin and evolution process of one of the most important geosystems of brazilian biodiversity is imminent: the Fields of Serra Espinhaço. This is because despite being within the most complex and biodiverse are also among the most endangered on the planet, either due to degrading activities in their region of occurrence, or the impact of climate change on the dynamics of functional of the ecosystem. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to review the process of origin and phytogeographic evolution of the Serra do Espinhaço Rupestrian Fields, in order to understand how these ecosystems emerged in the context of the Quaternary period, as they were established during the climate changes of the Holocene and Pleistocene, what are the current vegetation characteristics that can contribute to the understanding of this paleoecological dynamics and consequently of the evolutionary history of the Rupestrian Fields species. From the reading of the available works about the Rupestres Fields it is possible to assume that they represent a relictual vegetation, whose process of establishment took place throughout the Quaternary, however one cannot also rule out the influence of even older events in the process of origin of the Rupestrian Fields. Such complexity in geosystemic dynamics presupposes complex conservation models of this ecosystem, considering the contribution of each piece of this complex puzzle to define the best strategies for maintaining the functional balance of vegetation.

Compressive strength of colored concrete with iron oxide in the city of Teófilo Otoni in Minas Gerais

Gisele Monteiro de Sousa — 2020-04-30

This work analyzed the variations in the compressive strengths of colored concrete through the elaboration, manufacture and breaking of 18 proof bodies incorporated with pigments based on red iron oxide in the mixture, considering the presence of biotite in the aggregates present in the geological formation in the city Teófilo Otoni in state of the Minas Gerais. Colored concrete is not diffused in civil construction in the region and differs from conventional concrete, as it does not require the application of coating, being a type of exposed concrete. We used three types of concrete (T1, T2 and T3) and were defined with theoretical compressive strengths (fck) of 18 MPa, 25 MPa and 40 Mpa. Percentages of 0%, 3% and 6% iron oxide pigments were added to the mixture of 18 proof bodies and the compressive strengths were tested at 9 and 28 days. The most relevant result was T3P3 with 3% pigment, which obtained a resistance of 38.25 MPa for a theoretical fck of 40 MPa. The recommended percentage for addition to the concrete mixture in the Teófilo Otoni region is 3% of colored inorganic additives, as the experimental values obtained are close to the theoretical compressive strength expected at 28 days, being 15.83 MPa for fck 18 MPa, 12.74 MPa for the fck 25 MPa and 38.25 MPa for the fck 40 MPa.

Analysis of drugs as corrosion inhibitors in metallic materials

Matheus da Silva Lages — 2020-04-30

The use of metallic materials is very important for our society, and corrosion is a spontaneous degradation process that turns their application harder and more expensive. Therefore, alternative and cheap methods for the reduction or elimination of this process are necessary, as drugs with anti-corrosive properties. The objective of this study was measuring the efficiency, through gravimetric analysis in acid media (HCl 1M), of Dipyrone Monohydrate and Ticlopidine Hydrochloride as corrosion inhibitors, on four materials: steel, cast iron, brass and aluminum. The Ticlopidine Hydrochloride on steel had the max efficiency of 99,17% and the Dipyrone Monohydrate on brass had the minimum efficiency of 0,22%.

Financial speculation as an investment alternative for rural producers

Bruno Ferreira Campos da Silva — 2020-04-30

This article presents the theory that involves the Black - Scholes and Binomial models as an investment alternative for rural producers. When doing a study on these producers, it is noticed that production in the field is directed to subsistence. New investment alternatives, through mathematical models in the pricing of options in the financial markets, are necessary not only to increase investment in the rural environment, but also to be another way to get income. Given the uncertainty scenarios it is possible to conclude that, if the rural producer uses the models for a scenario where there is a great variation in the volatility of the commodities, the ideal is to use the Binomial model that presents better results. If the scenario is with a variation in the interest rate prevailing in the market then it is favorable to use the Black - Scholes model.

Basic design and execution of a hydro-sanitary installation of a Mobile Educational Unit for residential bathrooms

Lorena Lehmann Alves — 2020-04-30

With the increasing enrollment of students in the regular higher education makes it necessary a deep reflection about education, mainly on what refers to attractive methodologies for these students. It is still notorious that higher education has as its main objective to promote for these students the perception of similar professional life, and also prepares for the workday, considering the obstacles that they may experience. Thereby, it is evident what was exposed above became a challenge for some institutions, once the methodology applied in the course uses only theories, and are not presented in a practical way. In order to create a didactic and dynamic materials to assist in practical activities in the course of Civil Engineering at the Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), the present work has the objective the measurement of a hydrosanitary installation and the construction of a movable didactic panel, which simulates residential bathroom installations. The project has been dimensioned in accordance with current Brazillian standards for cold water, hot water, sewer and electrical installations. Thus, the mobile educational unit will contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about the hydrosanitary installations to UFVJM students in the Mucuri campus, and the entire community in the region.

Analysis of the Finite Differences Numerical Method and Method Analysis of Successive Integrations in the study of a simply supported beam subjected to distributed load

Daniel Tanure Franco Dutra — 2020-04-30

In the present article a study is presented between the methods: analytical and numerical (Finite Difference Method “MDF”). In the analysis, the elastic line and bending moment of a beam were studied in both methods. The simply supported beam submitted to a distributed loading represents one of the most important examples in engineering. Deformation analysis is an important procedure in Structural Engineering. Initially, the Differential Equation of a beam is presented, and we tried to find the analytical and numerical solutions. Subsequently, the results are presented using tables and graphs for both methods and it was concluded that the numerical method provides satisfactory results.

Road network at immediate region of Teófilo Otoni

Magali Maria de Araújo Barroso — 2020-04-30

The road network of the Immediate Region of Teófilo Otoni, located in the northeastern of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is examined. Graph Theory is used to model the problem and its behavior is analyzed based on concepts and operations with elements of this structure. It is possible to observe the vulnerability of the network of paved roads due to the existence a single path between each pair of cities. If dirt roads are also considered, some cities still have a single access, however many of them are connected by two independent routes, making communication more effective.

Editorial Team and Contents

Antônio Jorge de Lima Gomes — 2020-04-30

Editorial to the first issue of International Journal of Geoscience, Engineering and Technology

Antônio Jorge de Lima Gomes — 2020-04-30

Editorial to the first issue of International Journal of Geoscience, Engineering and Technology.