A Revista Espinhaço (ISSN: 2317-0611) é publicada semestralmente (meses de julho e dezembro), composta por artigos científicos originais e inéditos, resenhas de livros, notas de pesquisa e entrevistas. A Revista Espinhaço aceita contribuições de caráter interdisciplinar que articulam os temas sociedade, espaço e ambiente, assim como de áreas afins que mantenham o diálogo com o escopo da revista.
Lithium Mining Expansion and Territorial Reconfiguration: Impacts on Demographic Dynamics and Public Services in Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
The expansion of lithium mining in the municipality of Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil, has been promoting a process of sociospatial reconfiguration characterized by changes in demographic dynamics, the strengthening of its regional centrality, and increasing demands on public services and infrastructure. Specifically, this study analyzes the relationships between mining activity, the evolution of municipal fiscal capacity, and its implications for the health and education sectors. Based on documentary research, secondary data, and demographic, fiscal, and social indicators, the results show that the new mining cycle, while contributing to the expansion of the municipality's fiscal capacity, also affects migration flows and the population's age structure, leading to the reconfiguration of demands placed on public authorities. In this context, the findings indicate that increased public revenues do not automatically translate into greater state capacity to deliver proportional improvements in public service provision. It is concluded that lithium mining, as a driver of territorial transformation, tends to extend its effects beyond the economic dimension, highlighting the need for long-term planning, as well as improvements and innovation in the institutional capacities of the state as a territorial agent, in order to transform mineral revenues into equitable sociospatial development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista Espinhaço https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Water quality for primary contact recreation and environmental perception in reservoirs: case study of Vargem das Flores – Minas Gerais
Despite the social and economic importance of the intrinsic relationship between tourism and the recreational use of water, activities involving prolonged or occasional contact with unsuitable waters may pose health risks to tourists. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the water and environmental quality of the Vargem das Flores reservoir, for recreational purposes, as well as visitors’ perceptions. The evaluation of water quality in relation to current standards for recreational use was carried out using monitoring data available for the reservoir at stations BP063 and BP064, collected by the Instituto Mineiro de Gestão de Águas (IGAM) through the application of the Bathing Conditions Index (ICB). Subsequently, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to identify the tourist profile and their perception of the reservoir’s environmental quality and associated risks. Through these methods, it was possible to identify that the visitor profile is characterized by domestic tourists who travel to the reservoir by private vehicles, typically accompanied by family and friends, seeking rest, tranquillity, leisure, recreation, and contemplation. Finally, based on data analysis from 2020 to 2024, the ICB results indicate non-compliant conditions for primary contact recreation in 46.4% of the samples at BP063 and 42.8% at BP064. These non-compliances were mainly caused by high concentrations of cyanobacteria, as well as turbidity and pH levels exceeding the limits established for recreational waters in Brazil and in the state of Minas Gerais. This highlights the impacts of environmental pressures within the Ribeirão Betim watershed and underscores the need for continuous water quality monitoring and proper signage for bathers.
Shrub-tree characterization on section of road PB-387, municipalities of Uiraúna/Vieirópolis, Paraíba, Brazil
Forest inventories in Caatinga areas are an important source of information about the biome and are essential for floristic recognition, given the various services that can be carried out in a forest area. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the forest inventory in a Caatinga area in the state of Paraíba. The study area had shrub-tree vegetation and was located along the margins of the PB-387 highway, in the municipalities of Uiraúna and Vieirópolis, in the state of Paraíba. All tree and shrub individuals with a circumference at breast height (CBH = 1.30 m from ground level) greater than or equal to 6 cm (CBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were inventoried within the 10 sampling units. Parameters such as floristics, diversity, evenness, horizontal and vertical structure, and diameter distribution were evaluated. In the inventoried area, a total of 469 individuals were measured, represented by nine botanical families, eighteen genera, and twenty identified species. The Fabaceae family had the highest representation in terms of species richness, while Euphorbiaceae was the most representative in terms of the number of individuals. The floristic richness observed in the inventoried individuals included only 20 species, possibly influenced by anthropogenic activity, given the area's easy accessibility. The species with the highest importance values were Croton blanchetianus and Mimosa tenuiflora. Recognizing the diversity of inventoried Caatinga areas is crucial for sustainable forest management.
Débora Raquel dos Santos Ferreira França
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista Espinhaço https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Paleoproterozoic diamond province of the southern Espinhaço range (Brazil): Primary and exogenous textures, mineral inclusions and genesis of diamonds
Although diamonds from the Diamantina district have been known and studied since the 18th century, their genesis, associated mantle processes and environmental context of the rise of kimberlites are still unknown. Furthermore, the nature and source area of these diamonds has been the subject of intense scientific debate for decades. Therefore, in order to add knowledge about the origin and history of diamonds from the Serra do Espinhaço diamond province, samples of diamonds from São João da Chapada and the Jequitinhonha River areas were studied in this work. The surface and infrared spectral characteristics of the studied crystals and the analysis of their mineral inclusions suggest that the sublithospheric (hence, cratonic) Jequitinhonha River diamonds crystallized in the peridotite mantle, since the presence of forsterite inclusion implies crystallization at temperatures of ~1170 ºC and pressure of ~65 kbar. Furthermore, the presence of flat-bottomed trigons indicates that these diamonds reacted with H2O-rich fluids during the final stages of the kimberlite emplacement. The abundant presence of ruts in São João da Chapada diamonds indicates crystallization conditions in highly oxidized volcaniclastic kimberlite, at temperatures of ~1040 ºC. The diamondiferous ruditic rocks of the Sopa-Brumadinho Formation were deposited around 1.7 Ga, therefore, the minimum age of the kimberlitic event. As cratonic diamonds reside for a prolonged period in the lithospheric mantle, the crystallization of diamonds from southern Espinhaço Mountain Range during the Neoarchean period (~3.0 Ga) is suggested.
Geography, Landscapes, and Cultures: Climatic and Cultural Dynamics in the Development of Societies of the Central Andes, Peru
This article analyzes the development of European invasion on the northern coast of Peru, exploring the relationship between geographic diversity, climate dynamics, and cultural processes. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines geography, archaeology, and anthropology, we investigate how environmental factors, and climatic events influenced the adaptation and resilience of these societies. The methodology was based on a literature review and the analysis of archaeological material culture, with the results showing that different environments, from the arid coast to the high, snow-covered Andean mountains, shaped specific resilience strategies, technologies, and forms of social organization. The cultural transition from the Gallinazo to the Moche groups was particularly analyzed, demonstrating a gradual change driven by technological innovations, control of water resources, and new power structures. We conclude that Moche society emerged as a result of cumulative processes of cultural and environmental interaction, representing historical continuity in Andean technologies and worldviews, while establishing new sociopolitical and identity dynamics in the region.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of the Mangrove in Sofala Bay, Central Mozambique, Between 2003, 2013, and 2023
The study of the dynamics and transformations of vegetation temporal space provides the understanding of how vegetation and its structure develop over time. The present study was mainly aimed at evaluating the dynamic temporal space of the mangrove forest in the sofala bay. To this end, images of remote sensing of the Landsat satellites of 2003, 2013 and 2023 were used. Using QGIS 3.14, images were ruined and geometrically, later classified to discriminate the mangrove in the sofala bay of other forms of land use, thus allowing mapping and quantification of the mangrove coverage area for each year of study. As a result, it was observed that during the period in analysis 14.23% of the mangrove coverage in the sofala bay, corresponding to 841 hectares, were lost. In the media, the coverage of manga in the sofala bay between 2003 and 2023 was reduced by 42 hectares/year. The mangrove coverage in the sofala bay reduces as other forms of land use and occupation increases. The expansion of housing areas and mangrove logging are some of the factors that influenced vegetation loss.
Application of the Geodiversity Index to Identify Areas of Geotourism Interest in Maragogipe, Bahia
This study aimed to assess the geodiversity of the municipality of Maragogipe, Bahia, through the application of the Geodiversity Index (GI), with the objective of identifying priority areas for geoconservation and geotourism potential. The methodology comprised an integrated analysis of geological, geomorphological, pedological, structural, and hydrographic data, processed using geotechnological tools. Spatial mapping of the GI revealed a heterogeneous distribution of physical environment elements, with emphasis on the central and east-central regions of the municipality, where natural attribute diversity is maximised. These areas present favourable conditions for the establishment of geotourism activities, linking the local geological and geomorphological heritage with the region’s rich historical and cultural context. The findings contribute to sustainable environmental and tourism planning and provide a basis for future geoconservation and geoeducation measures. The study underscores the relevance of applying the Geodiversity Index as a diagnostic and territorial management instrument aimed at enhancing local geopatrimony, further noting that although the municipality exhibits considerable tourism potential intertwined with its history and culture, it currently lacks an adequate administrative framework to support tourism development.
From gold and colored gemstones to lithium: mining, extractivism, and the reproduction of mineral dependence in the Região Geográfica Imediata de Araçuaí – Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG)
This article explores the historical trajectory of the Vale do Jequitinhonha, from its colonization in the 18th century, driven by gold and diamond mining, to the current socioeconomic dynamics. Utilizing a historical-analytical methodology and documentary research, the study investigates how the subsequent decline of mining generated migrations and a transition to agricultural and livestock activities, shaping a new regional identity marked by social and territorial conflicts. In this context, the article highlights the importance of Araçuaí as a historic commercial center and, today, as an incipient hub for the global energy transition agenda, due to the exploration of lithium. The exploitation of lithium in the Região Geográfica Imediata de Araçuaí offers a potential for regional development, but the research demonstrates that this new extractive phase requires an articulated governance to mitigate the historical mineral dependence and the socio-environmental risks. It is argued that it is fundamental to challenge the simplistic narrative of "lítio verde" (green lithium) and, concomitantly, implement economic diversification policies that are not restricted only to the commodity. The success in transforming this cycle requires robust investment in integrated regional infrastructure and, principally, the creation of a Fundo de Soberania Mineral (Mineral Sovereignty Fund) to ensure savings and intergenerational benefit from non-renewable resources.
Food Acquisition Program (PAA): Two Decades of Strategic Contribution to Fighting Hunger and Developing Family Farming in Brazil
In 2023, the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) marked its second decade of existence. The program has become the second main instrument for the productive inclusion of family farmers in Brazil, aiming at building markets focused on food and nutritional security for the most vulnerable population. Since its inception and across different government administrations, Brazil managed to exit the World Hunger Map in 2014, but re-entered it in 2022. Despite this setback, the program has gradually expanded the productive chain of family farming and benefited from legislation that generated practical effects for its improvement and for meeting the demands of both producers and consumers. Academic literature highlights several achievements promoted by the program, such as guaranteed commercialization and sales; income growth; improved quality of life and greater autonomy for producers; diversification of production; productive insertion; and the expansion of the social assistance network receiving the products; among others.
Notes on Representations of Water: The Case of Peasants in Minas Gerais
This article analyzes aspects of western imaginary about water, emphasizing the images and representations of the peasants that inhabit Minas Gerais. It identifies some traditional categories relating to water, the peasants’ ideas and the usual norms about access and use of this resource. Also are indicated challenges that these representations impose for public polices and government agencies actions.
Attributes of the clays from Farmacinha Lagoão (municipality of Araçuai – Minas Gerais State, Brazil) and their relationships with cosmetic properties
In the Jequitinhonha Valley (MG), popular culture is rich and diverse. Small farmers gather at the Araçuaí market to sell their products. Among them, the women of the “Farmacinha Lagoão” display their medicinal plants and clays, to be used as exfoliants, cell regenerators, moisturizers, skin and hair lighteners and antiseptics. What secrets do these clays hold? Based on the hypothesis that the possible cosmetic effects of these clays are due to attributes related to their colors, the objective of this work was to evaluate the granulometric, chemical, mineralogical and geochemical composition of blue, white, black, pink, green and red clays. The granulometry and mineralogy of the clays were determined, respectively, by laser diffraction and X-ray diffractometry. The mineralogical description, routine chemical and geochemical analyses were performed respectively by microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and elemental analysis. In all clays, the silt fraction predominates, except for green clay, where the sand fraction predominates. The clays with the highest colloid content are white and pink. All clays have high levels of Si and Al, but Fe is present in pink and red clays, C is significant in black clay, and K is high in blue and green clays. All clays contain quartz and kaolinite, and white, black, pink, and green clays contain illite. The clays present distinct granulometric, geochemical, and mineralogical compositions, which are related to their different cosmetic uses.
Performance of the Topmodel and Dynamic Topmodel Rainfall-Runoff Models in a section of the Rio Preto basin, Minas Gerais
Hydrological models play a crucial role in water resources management, enabling the assessment of the impacts of climate change and human activities on the hydrological cycle. In this context, this study compared the performance of the TopModel (TM) and Dynamic TopModel (DTM) models in simulating the rainfall-runoff relationship in the Rio Preto/MG basin, in the southern section of the Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. Daily data on rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and flow between 2000 and 2018 were used to evaluate the performance of the models. The TM model showed better performance in the calibration phase, with acceptable efficiency indexes (NSE) in all simulations (average NSE of 0.52) and coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.53. The DTM, although considered a more advanced version of the TM, presented inferior performance in all simulations, with an average NSE of 0.08 and R² of 0.15. In the validation phase, the TM model maintained reasonable performance, with NSE of 0.45 and R² of 0.46, while the DTM continued to show unsatisfactory performance, with NSE of 0.13 and R² of 0.18. In this context, the TM model proved to be more suitable for simulating flow in the studied region.
Classification of the agricultural potential of Couto de Magalhães de Minas using geoprocessing tools
The advancement of geotechnologies and the increased availability of open-access geospatial data contribute significantly to urban and rural planning by enabling the formulation of more precise public policies aimed at fostering municipal and regional socioeconomic development. Within this context, the present study aimed to model the agricultural potential of the municipality of Couto de Magalhães de Minas, located in the Alto Jequitinhonha region. Initially, a survey of publicly available geospatial datasets was conducted to select and acquire appropriate vector and raster data suitable for integration into the proposed modeling framework. Using geoprocessing techniques and tools within QGIS 3.16.4 Hannover with GRASS GIS 7.8.5, thematic maps were generated for soil classes, topographic relief, soil erodibility, hypsometry, vegetation and land use/land cover. These thematic layers were integrated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methods to derive the final agricultural potential map of the municipality. The resulting model indicated that 49% of the municipality’s territory exhibits low agricultural potential, 21% is classified as unsuitable for agricultural development, while areas of high and moderate potential represent 15% each.
Deforestation in the south of the Amazon biome: past, present, and future for Querência, MT
Further investigation of deforestation in the south of the Amazon is necessary to understand how the phenomenon is configured in local subsystems. The objective of the present study was to analyze the causes of deforestation in Querência - MT, between 1985 and 2018 and to simulate future scenarios until 2030 based on historical trends and measures of environmental governance. We surveyed the leading local and regional causes of deforestation and analyzed them in two distinct periods for calibration (1985-2005) and validation of the spatial model (2005-2018). Based on the simulation, we proposed four possible scenarios for 2030. The results indicated that in Querência - MT, deforestation was associated with proximity to deforested areas, soil types, and rural settlements. The more excellent forest protection was associated with the presence of indigenous lands. The most current deforestation rate was 5% (2005-2018), and model validation reached 0.57 similarity. The proposed scenarios suggest that deforestation in indigenous lands is unlikely to occur by 2030 due to the observed deforestation rate and spatial pattern. However, the misuse of land, such as the suppression of areas protected by law for conservation, is a matter of concern for the coming years, especially in rural settlements.
Landslides in Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a preliminary approach, according to geomorphological and socioeconomic indicators
Landslides are phenomena often associated with geomorphological configuration of slopes, under humid climates, whose onset may be linked to changes promoted by the production of urban space. This work evaluates the conditions for the occurrence of landslides according to geomorphological and socioeconomic indicators inherent to Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais. For this purpose, topographic parameters were used, in particular the identification of hollows, the investigation of declivity classes, in addition to soil morphology. These natural factors had their spatiality associated with demographic data, which include housing density, income and health indicators, which made it possible to understand how and why landslides occurred in the area, as well as to determine the degree of exposure of populations to the phenomenon. It was observed that most of the hollows that present the highest susceptibility to the occurrence of landslides are located near the limits of the urban area, not only due to the characteristics of the occupation site, but also due to the socio-spatial segregation that characterizes the production of the urban phenomenon in Teófilo Otoni. This urban occupation model disregards the geomorphological characteristics of the occupation site and perpetuates in the area an already historical construction of risk, in time and space.
The origin of diamond-bearing quartzite breccias from the Sopa Brumadinho Formation, Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil
The breccias of the Sopa-Brumadinho Formation, recognized as diamond-bearing since 1840, have had an igneous origin proposed since 1928. Their quartzite/metarenite clasts are millimetric to 50 cm, angular, pinkish to red in color, and similar to the substrate rocks. Their predominantly phyllitic matrix has a composition incompatible with that of igneous rocks, but REE data indicate a kimberlitic nature, with diamond xenocrysts, which can exceed 30 ct. The bodies (locally intrusive) have varying shapes—including a “champagne glass” shape—and reach up to 10 m thick and more than 50 m long. A proposed origin by cohesive debris flows from adjacent steep slopes appears unfeasible due to the consistent presence of diamonds in all deposits along a 50 km N–S extension. Since mudflows are not mineral concentrators and considering the absence of exotic material and the universal presence of diamonds, a proximal origin through the reworking of diamond-bearing tephra (tuff rings or pyroclastic surges) must be considered. Furthermore, the shape of the deposits and their contact relationships show that the breccias are confined within craters generated by phreatomagmatic volcanism, such as at Mina do Barro, where the breccias, circumscribed by quartzite walls, reach at least 60 m in depth. The physical characteristics of the gems reveal an absence of sedimentary reworking, and their mineral inclusions indicate a lithospheric origin for the diamonds. Regionally expressed lineaments appear to have acted as conduits for kimberlite magmas to reach the surface around ~1.7 Ga.
Modeling the Environmental Fragility of the Perdizes River Sub-Basin, Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais
Assessing environmental fragility is essential to identify ecological vulnerabilities, guide sustainable practices and prevent the degradation of natural resources, ensuring the preservation of ecosystems and the well-being of future generations. The objective of this work was to map the environmental fragility of the Perdizes River Sub-basin, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The characteristics of soil, relief, geomorphology, proximity to bodies of water, slope and land use and cover, through a multi-criteria analysis, were used to evaluate Potential Fragility (natural characteristics) and Emergent Fragility (natural and anthropogenic characteristics). The analysis of potential fragility found that 96.26% of the basin's total area is in the low and medium fragility categories, indicating that the region, naturally, presents a certain degree of ecodynamic landscape stability. As for emerging fragility, the medium and high categories predominate, which corresponds to 87.37% of the total area, indicating the effect of anthropogenic impact on an ecosystem. Areas with high or very high fragility are associated with cambisols, which have low fertility and are more prone to erosion. When combined with human activities, there is a worsening of emerging fragility, mainly resulting from pasture in the northern part of the area. The research concludes that human actions have a significant impact on the environmental fragility of the area, especially in naturally sensitive areas.
Impacts of Land Use on GHG Emissions and Landscape Structure in Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais
The conservation of natural ecosystems stands as one of the major challenges of this century. Approaches that integrate land use and land cover dynamics, as well as landscape structure and composition, are essential to reconcile agricultural expansion, mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the protection of fragile ecosystems, in pursuit of a bioeconomy. This study investigated how changes in land use and cover have affected landscape structure and GHG emissions over approximately four decades in Monte Carmelo (Minas Gerais), an agricultural municipality in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba region. Data from the MapBiomas project, landscape ecology metrics, and GHG emissions from the SEEG system were used to analyze temporal dynamics and estimate annual emissions. The results revealed a reduction in forest formations (-5.66%) and savanna formations (-52.72%), accompanied by increased fragmentation. Coffee cultivation, soybean farming, silviculture, and other temporary crops expanded primarily over former pasturelands. GHG emissions increased by 31.25%, driven mainly by land use changes and agricultural activities. Landscape metrics indicated increased fragmentation and simplification of vegetation patches. These changes pose significant challenges to biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, highlighting the urgent need for local policies and sustainable management practices supported by geospatial data and territorial intelligence.
Initial establishment of species in carbon neutral planting in the Cerrado region of Minas Gerais
The Cerrado is a strategic biome for biodiversity conservation and for meeting national and international climate change mitigation targets due to its high carbon storage potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and carbon storage of native species in a carbon-neutralizing plantation in the Cerrado region of Minas Gerais, at 5 months of age, located in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais. Monitoring took place five months after planting, in February 2025, covering 99 individuals distributed in experimental blocks. The overall survival rate recorded was 65%, below the planned safety margin, indicating the need for replanting. The species that performed best in terms of survival and growth were Ceiba speciosa, Myrocarpus frondosus, and Libidibia ferrea, standing out for their greatest increases in diameter, height, and carbon storage. In contrast, species such as Dipteryx alata and Inga edulis showed low initial adaptability, possibly associated with water deficits and high temperatures during the establishment period. These results reinforce the importance of species-level monitoring to inform technical decisions in ecological restoration programs and plantings aimed at neutralizing greenhouse gas emissions.
Environmental recovery from deactivated open dumping using direct seeding of native and short life-cycle species
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of recovering a solid waste deposit area, deactivated 17 years ago, using the no-seeding of native species of the Brazilian savannah and cover. We conducted the study between 2016 and 2018 in 1 ha with the dominance of exotic grasses Urochloa decumbes and Melinis minutiflora. We delimited four environments of 11m x 29m (319 m2) with ten plots of 5 x 5m (25m²). The environments showed low concentrations of macronutrients and organic matter (OM). This study is relevant for scientific advancement and the practical resolution of socio-environmental problems, especially in a context where inadequate solid waste management continues to be a growing challenge. We found a lower establishment rate and survival percentage for Cerrado species, 2400 plants.ha-1 (3.26%) and 71300 plants. ha-1 (96.74%) of short life-cycle species. The most satisfactory procedure was the treatment that used density II + sowing in soil without manure. This research fills the gap in the literature on the recovery of solid waste deposits. This study's results can help manage and recover areas similar to this in other regions of the country.
Eligibility of areas for implementation of small-scale sustainable forest management
The bioeconomy has emerged as one of the main strategies for promoting sustainable development in the Amazon. Among the various options, sustainable forest management stands out by reconciling climate change mitigation with income generation for local communities. This study aimed to identify areas suitable for the implementation of Small-Scale Sustainable Forest Management (SSSFM) in the municipality of Carauari, Amazonas. Four criteria were considered: proximity to rivers, distance from municipal centers, vegetation cover, and land tenure. Within a GIS environment, these criteria were reclassified on a 0–3 scale and integrated into an eligibility index. The resulting map indicated that 15.08% of the territory exhibited high eligibility, 65.02% moderate, and 8.16% low. The findings highlight the crucial role of river-based logistics and continuous forest cover, as well as the legal restrictions imposed by Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units. Overall, the integration of geotechnologies with socio-environmental criteria proves to be an effective tool for supporting territorial planning, with significant potential to inform public policies and conservation strategies.
Selection of optimal areas for forest purchase and leasing from the perspective of spatial forest planning
Identifying suitable areas for forestry activities is crucial for the planning of forest-based companies in Brazil. This study applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, integrated with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to support land location in the state of São Paulo. Six criteria were analyzed: effective soil depth, terrain slope, fire risk, soil water storage, distance to the processing unit, and land use/cover. The criteria were evaluated by experts on a scale from 1 (lowest suitability) to 5 (highest suitability), with distance to the processing unit identified as the most critical factor due to its impact on harvesting and transportation costs. The suitability map revealed that 1.61% of the area is highly suitable, 42.09% moderately suitable, and 43.25% marginally suitable, with only 0.82% meeting the requirements for areas larger than 120 hectares. The most promising areas are located in Indaiatuba, Elias Fausto, Salto, Itu, and Porto Feliz. This study provides a practical methodology for identifying suitable lands for purchase or lease, contributing to the sustainable expansion of the forestry sector.
Revisiting Langsdorffia Hypogaea (Balanophoraceae) from the perspective of phytosite and biodiversity conservation
This study expands the records of the species Langsdorffia hypogaea Mart. (Balanophoraceae) in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba region, specifically in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, adding 48 new occurrence points and discoveries about its autocorrelation pattern over a two-year monitoring period. For the first time, we report a photographic record of a floral visitor, such as an ant, interacting with L. hypogaea in this ecoregion. Based on field observations of the phenological period between 2024 and 2025 and an examination of public records, it was possible to outline a timeline of the species' flowering and senescence. Additionally, we propose the development of the idea and concept of a "phytosite" based on the ecological and spatial recurrence of the species, characterizing a specific landscape unit within the boundaries of Parque da Matinha, with distinct edaphic, topographic, and vegetation cover attributes.
Decision-Making Support System in the Forest Restoration Chain in Brazil
Among the main commitments made by Brazil at the Conference of the Parties (COP-21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and reinforced at subsequent COPs, is the challenge of reforesting 12 million hectares of native forests by 2030. The availability of public data to support forest restoration is an anticipated requirement for planning priority areas. With this approach, the objective of this work was to conduct a data survey to support forest restoration in Brazil and, in parallel, implement an online database, namely a publicly accessible, self-instructional WebGIS on a national scale, to support the Brazilian forest restoration chain. Methodologically, data surveys were conducted in public systems, technical reports, official government and private websites and platforms, NGOs, news articles, and social media platforms, collecting metadata on: (i) forest nurseries, (ii) restoration plantations, (iii) seed collectors, (iv) seed networks, and (v) forest seed and seedling research centers. A total of 1,265 records of restoration initiatives and support were collected at the national level, including 782 forest nurseries, 293 restoration initiatives, 71 seed collectors, 25 seed networks, and 94 forest seed and seedling research centers. A Decision Support System (DSS) in WebGIS module was implemented to facilitate and make available the geovisualization and distribution of this information, supporting different actors in environmental planning, public policies, and academic research, significantly filling the main gaps in restoration strategies and strengthening the entire restoration chain in Brazil.
Phytosites: methodological mapping protocol for high conservation value areas
The term " Phytosites" refers to functional units of the plant landscape endowed with their own ecological identity. These units are associated with the predominance or exclusivity of a particular botanical species or functional group, playing a strategic role in nature conservation. This study presents the first methodological proposal for identifying and spatializing phytosites, utilizing field data and spatial analysis. The case study was conducted in Parque da Matinha, Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, where indicator plant species, such as Cyathea delgadii, Langsdorffia hypogaea and Taccarum peregrinum were used to define phytosites. The proposed approach aims to provide technical support for the environmental conservation of flora species and their associated ecosystems. Furthermore, the methodology aligns with global environmental sustainability commitments, such as the creation of new Conservation Units, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement, and the “Race to Zero” Campaign, demonstrating its strategic potential in tackling the climate crisis and reducing biodiversity loss.
New Distribution Record of the Southern Antpipit (Corythopis delalandi, Passeriformes: Rhynchocyclidae) in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba Region, Southeastern Brazil
The Rhynchocyclidae comprises 67 species in Brazil, among which Corythopis delalandi, commonly known as the Southern Antpipit. Despite its scientific interest due to its behavioral traits, the species still presents knowledge gaps regarding its distribution, particularly in under-sampled inland regions. This study reports the first documented record of C. delalandi for Monte Carmelo - Minas Gerais, observed in Parque da Matinha — an ecotonal area between the Cerrado and remnants of the Atlantic Forest. The record includes vocalizations and foraging behavior in the understory, supported by photographic documentation and georeferenced data. The species had not been previously recorded in local bird inventories or major citizen science platforms consulted. This new occurrence extends the known distribution of the species and highlights the importance of field surveys in overlooked areas. The findings reinforce the need to strengthen systematic surveys in underreported regions to fill gaps in avifaunal knowledge and to support conservation planning.
Quantification and neutralization of greenhouse gas emissions at a scientific event at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia as a climate awareness tool
The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has had significant consequences for the planet. In this sense, actions to reduce these gases with measures to neutralize these emissions are essential. One of the most important mechanisms is GHG inventories associated with offsets through forest plantations. This study aimed to quantify and neutralize GHG emissions generated during a technical-scientific event at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Monte Carmelo campus. The 11th Symposium on Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (SICAA) held in 2024 at the aforementioned university was used as a case study. The inventory was prepared following the GHG Protocol Brazil methodology, covering scopes 1, 2, and 3. The main emission sources included mobile combustion, solid waste generation, electricity consumption, and effluents. Total emissions were 3.89 tCO₂e, offset by planting 99 native seedlings in an anthropized area of ​​Matinha Park, in Monte Carmelo, based on estimates of carbon sequestration in the Cerrado biome. In addition, climate awareness actions were carried out with the public involved, promoted by the Sala Verde Center for Training in Climate Education (CEFEC UFU). The study proposes a methodological protocol for integrating climate management of academic events integrated with educational actions to address climate change with an interface in research, teaching and extension.
First record of occurrence of Taccarum peregrinum (Araceae) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
This study presents the first confirmed record of Taccarum peregrinum (Schott) Engl. (Araceae) for the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species was identified in an urban fragment of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, in the Cerrado biome. Collection was carried out by walking along trail edges, and samples were analyzed based on vegetative and reproductive morphology. Identification was confirmed by comparison with previous taxonomic descriptions. The specimen was found in an environment with partial shade, well-drained soil, and the presence of moist microhabitats, characteristics typical of the species' ecology. Analysis of the geographic distribution and previous records revealed that the occurrence in Minas Gerais represents a significant expansion of the known range for the taxon. This discovery reinforces the importance of urban forest remnants for biodiversity conservation, especially of rare or poorly studied species. The study also highlights the need for floristic surveys in underexplored areas of the Cerrado, contributing to the advancement of knowledge about the regional flora and supporting in situ conservation strategies.
Identification of Restricted Use Areas (AURs) in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba region under an integrated environmental approach
The Brazilian Forest Code defines Restricted Use Areas (AURs) as marsh plains and areas with slopes of 25° to 45°, allowing agricultural activities and sustainable forest management. This study aims to propose a methodology for delimiting AURs in the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, using the QGIS 3.36.3 software and data from Digital Elevation Models (Alos Palsar). Land use and land cover analysis was performed with the MapBiomas 8.0 collection, assessing the conservation status of AURs and correlating soil types. We identified 41,732 hectares of AURs, of which 51.76% are occupied by land use and pasture mosaics. Regarding soils, 21.04% are on Haplic Cambisols and 40.17% on Red Latosols. It was observed that AURs often coincide with areas of climate vulnerability and biomes considered biodiversity hotspots. The methodology presented uses public and official data, providing a practical tool for environmental managers and landowners to identify AURs on sloping terrains. The proposal is essential for local land use planning and environmental conservation strategies, with the potential to be replicated in other regions of Brazil.
Study of green spaces of Private Natural Heritage Reserves and their surroundings in the city of Manaus, Amazon
The reduction of green areas in the city of Manaus has led to the increasing isolation of Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs), potentially impacting the biodiversity of these Conservation Units. We assessed the green areas of the RPPNs and their surroundings in 2019 and 2022. We quantified the green areas of the RPPNs, and classified maps were created for analysis. Seven RPPNs were included in the study, requiring the acquisition of the polygon for each area in shapefile format (.ssp) and processed in QGIS software. A buffer of 1000 and 2000 meters from a centroid was applied to obtain a wide analyzable area. The images obtained from Planet Labs for the years 2019 and 2022, making a mosaic to join the bands and generate a single image. The classification applied included supervised and unsupervised methods, using SAGA GIS software. The map created revealed significant reductions in green areas around the RPPNs. The use of supervised classification using the maximum likelihood method made it possible to distinguish and verify the changes in green areas in the RPPNs and their surroundings. Significant reductions in the green areas around the RPPNs in the urban area of Manaus stand out, made possible by analysis and classification using the maximum likelihood method.