Revista Espinhaço

Using vegetation index to evaluate vegetation dynamics and its correlation with erosion processes

Tue, 17 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used to identify the biophysical characteristics of vegetation. In this sense, the study's main objective was to assess changes in vegetation in a sub-basin of Gouveia, Minas Gerais (years 1984 and 2016). Evidence suggests that the shift in local vegetation cover may have favored erosive processes in the region. Landsat 5-TM and 8-OLI images were used over an 8-year interval from 1984 to 2016. The results were divided into four classes, according to field campaigns: (i) Non-vegetated area, (ii) Herbaceous vegetation, (iii) Non-forest natural formation, and (iv) Forest. The gullies occurring in the study area were surveyed and spatialized, accounting for 82 (in 1984) and 107 gullies (2016). The findings indicate growth in areas covered by herbaceous vegetation and non-vegetated areas. The region's monitoring by the NDVI index showed a variation in vegetation over the years studied, with the intensification of the development of gullies, which require the implementation of erosion mitigation techniques in the area.

Benthenic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in a climate change scenario: a systematic review

Elisangela Costa, Jaciely Gabriela Melo da Silva, Marden Seabra Linares — Sat, 24 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing anthropogenic changes in the terrestrial environment reflect significant impacts on freshwater ecosystems. One of the most efficient ways to carry out a diagnosis of the “health” of a given water body is through the use of water quality bioindicators, which we call benthic macroinvertebrates. These organisms quickly and accurately reflect minimal changes to aquatic environments due to their sensitivity to various types of pollutants and physical disturbances, in addition to being an essential component for the functioning and balance of aquatic ecosystems, acting in ecological processes of energy transfer and nutrient cycling. The present study aimed to carry out a systematic review of scientific works published on the Scopus platform in the last 10 years, evaluating the use of benthic macroinvertebrates as a biomonitoring tool for monitoring water quality, in the context of climate change. Of the 254 works sampled, only four were related to the study proposal, demonstrating an important knowledge gap to be explored in the coming years.

Diagnosis of the conflict over the use and occupation of land and areas protected by law in rural properties in the Municipality of Monte Carmelo-MG

Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to carry out an exploratory analysis of geospatial data to evaluate the state of justice of rural properties declared in the CAR (Rural Environmental Registry) of the municipality of Monte Carmelo (MG) in compliance with the guidelines of the Forest Code (Law 12,651/2012). This analysis helps rural producers understand the need to recover areas and support forest restoration strategies in the municipality. SiCAR and MapBiomas databases were used. Analyze the overlap between rural properties, conflicts of land use and coverage within the protected areas in properties - Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and Legal Reserves (RL), the size of these properties in order to verify the profile of rural properties and its forest conservation status. The design of area overlap statistics was carried out using QGIS® software. The analyzes revealed that 10.76% of the property polygons have overlapping areas in SiCAR. The area in non-compliance with the Legislation was 63.83% (APPs) and 68.56% (RLs). Forest restoration actions must prioritize areas in conflict with Forestry Legislation. The information found in this study is technical support for prioritizing forest restoration according to Law 12,651/2012 in the municipality.

Queer Catrumana Cartography: A Study on Lgbtqiapn+ lives in the North of Minas Gerais

Triodite Gabriel Donizetti Partenos Ferreira Simionato — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This article seeks to carry out a queer cartography of LGBTQIAPN+ subjectivities in the North of Minas Gerais. To this end, we chose to analyze the scientific productions on this theme and understand how the academic discourse has recorded these ways of life, experiences and (re)existences and produced them as identities. In all, 33 productions were selected (including articles, chapters, annals, dissertations and theses). Thus, it was based on the theorizations of Paul Preciado, Jack Halberstam, Teresa de Lauretis, Judith Butler and Michel Foucault. There is a scarcity of productions on this theme, configuring itself as a discursive interdiction; in addition to the mechanisms triggered by LGBTphobia and cisheteronormativity in the studied region; the conflicts between public and private space; and assimilationism. The selected writings were grouped in three central categories, basing on their discussions: the trajectories and mobilizations of the LGBTQIAPN+ community, the public space experiences, and the dialogues that were established with local politics and educational experiences. However, we highlight the short amount of works, which reveals a lack of research on dissident lives in the north of Minas Gerais. Furthermore, the majority of writings are restricted to the experiences in the city of Montes Claros, even though we sought out to study the whole region. Ultimately, it’s evident the maintenance of a cishetonormative and violent regime, which operates not only on the materiality of the bodies, but also in the documentation of this violence, silencing and making invisible these existences.

Land use and land cover changes in "Campos de Altitude" areas in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Poços de Caldas/MG, 2007-2020

Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The Campos de Altitude, phytophysiognomy of the Atlantic Forest, are characteristic of areas with high altitudes and have relevant biodiversity and endemism. However, despite its ecological and social importance, the integrity of the Campos de Altitude is susceptible to the disorderly expansion of anthropic activities. In order to evaluate possible land use and cover changes of its remaining areas in the municipality of Poços de Caldas - MG, the present study comparatively analyzed satellite images of the areas in the urban perimeter of the year 2007 and 2020, by Google Earth and Arcgis software. With the mapping, there was a reduction of 26.2% in the remnants of the Campos de Altitude and among the main factors that caused suppression, we can mention invasion by exotic grasses, urbanization and forestry. In view of this, the study demonstrates the urgency of actions allied to public policies aimed at the conservation of this phytophysiognomy.

From District to Municipality: a preliminary assessment of the process of creating districts in Minas Gerais in the period 2014-2021

Thu, 12 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the process of creating districts in Minas Gerais in recent years. It highlights the period 2014-2021, when 165 new districts were created, a figure that represented a growth of 516% compared to that recorded in the previous eight years. As during the period there was no change in the legislation pertinent to the creation of districts, and the intensity of the process in Minas Gerais was not accompanied by the same movement in the other states of the Federation, the search for possible explanations focused on specific state processes that could encourage such a rush. The research result indicates that the Programa Minas Comunica II, implemented by the State Government between 2014 and 2020, with the aim of expanding mobile telephone service in Minas Gerais villages, became an instrument to encourage the creation of new districts in Minas Gerais.

Morphometry of crown and stem of the urban arborization in São João Evangelista-MG, Brazil

Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Scientific investigations about morphometry of tree crown and stem support the planning and management of urban afforestation, important for environmental sustainability of cities. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of modeling morphometric relationships of crown and stem in urban afforestation in São João Evangelista municipality - MG, Brazil, using nonlinear regression models. Afforestation inventory consisted of the random sampling of trees in different streets and public squares in the municipality. Total height, crown insertion height, diameter at ground height, proportion and crown projection area increased as the stems became thicker. Decrease with the increase in DBH was observed only for the salience index and slenderness rate. Nonlinear regression models can estimate morphometric relationships accurately. Information on tree morphometric growth stock trends at total height, crown insertion height, projection area and crown radius are useful for defining the ideal planting location in urban areas and eventual silvicultural interventions.

Evaluation of the sensitivity of statistical approaches for the analysis of forest inventories in the environmental inspection process

Vitor Hugo dos Santos Simplicio, Eric Bastos Gorgens — Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effective forest inventory auditing depends not only on field audits but also on the ability of the agency to correctly identify deviations in the data, making the choice of appropriate statistical approaches essential. This study assessed the sensibility of two approaches for forest inventory analysis, aiming to determine the required deviation in diameter that results in rejection by the environmental agency. Three types of sample inventories were used: native forest, linear projects, and forest plantation. For the audit, 10% of the plots were randomly selected, ensuring a minimum of 3 selected plots. The paired t-test was used to compare means at the tree level. The adherence test was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. To identify when the tests would start indicating significant differences between inventories, a gradually increasing deviation was added to the simulated checked data. No significant sensibility was found for sampling error considering the analyzed deviation. However, the t-test pointed significant differences for mean deviation greater or equal to 0.1 cm for diameter, while the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows significant differences starting at 0.5 cm for the same comparison.

Infection by the bacteria helicobacter pylori in a rural population in the municipality of Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais: socio-demographic profile, hygiene habits, basic sanitation, georeferencing and clinical aspects

Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Objective: identify the sociodemographic profile, risk factors and prevalence of H. pylori infection in a rural population. Method: an observational cross-sectional study, conducted between March and October 2016. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to provide information on socio-demographic factors, hygiene and clinical aspects. Individuals who presented the clinical symptoms were submitted to a Digestive Endoscopy with Urease Test and histopathological examination to confirm the presence or not of the bacterium. Results: inadequacies in hygiene habits and aspects related to basic sanitation conditions were evidenced. In addition, individuals had a low income and low level of education. Regarding the prevalence, 68.65% of the individuals who presented symptoms, had a positive result for the infection. Conclusion: Suggest that measures to eradicate H. pylori infection should be applied, since its dissemination is usually in inadequate conditions of basic sanitation and hygiene.

“Forgotten Houses, Widows In The Portals”: The socioeconomic decadence and demographic condition of the municipality of Ladainha-Mg in the Post-railway period

Mon, 16 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The municipality of Ladainha, located in the Immediate Geographic Region of Teófilo Otoni-MG, was for decades one of the main logistical warehouses of the Estrada de Ferro Bahia e Minas, a railway that has great importance in the imaginary of the population of the Jequitinhonha, Mucuri valleys and extreme south of Bahia, even though its tracks were torn up in 1966. Supported by documentary sources, analysis of demographic and socioeconomic data, and interviews with a group of Ladainhense railway workers who experienced the operational end of the “Bahiminas,” this study presents a geo-historical characterization and an analysis of the changes brought to the urban landscape by the arrival of the railway. Additionally, it reflects on the “last train,” which metaphorically led hundreds of Ladainhenses into the unknown following the line's closure in the region. Subsequently, the research evaluates the economic and demographic stagnation of the municipality during the post-railway period, a phenomenon that still impacts the local landscape today. Finally, the study highlights the need to revisit the historical and social effects of the railway's deactivation to understand the current dynamics of decline, which left deep marks on the railway workers and the local population, evoking topophobic feelings and negatively influencing the collective perception of the city’s future.

Landscape influences on water quality composition and structure across multiple temporal and spatial scales in the hydrological unit of the Doce River in Minas Gerais

João Pedro dos Santos, Diego Rodrigues Macedo — Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The degradation of aquatic environments leads to water contamination, resulting in a deterioration of ecosystem quality. The Rio Doce basin has a history of environmental degradation, primarily due to industrial expansion and intensive agriculture. Additionally, in 2015, the Fundão tailings dam (Samarco, BHP Billiton, and Vale) ruptured, releasing ore tailings into the watercourses of the basin, abruptly altering its socio-environmental context and becoming one of the biggest environmental disasters in Brazilian history. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between landscape characteristics and water quality in the Minas Gerais portion of the Rio Doce basin across different spatial extents. Statistical models were employed to explore the relationship between water quality parameters and land use, land cover, and landscape metrics for 2008, 2013, and 2018. Three spatial extents were considered: sub-basin, corresponding to the entire upstream drainage area of the monitoring point; riparian, representing a 200-meter buffer zone on each side of the watercourse upstream of the monitoring point; and local, corresponding to a 200-meter buffer zone on each side of the watercourse within a 2-kilometer radius of the monitoring point. The parameters monitored included nitrate, total solids, and turbidity during both rainy and dry periods at 64 monitoring stations. The relationship between variables was assessed through multiple linear regression, allowing for constructing and selecting models with the best fits and identifying variables with the most significant impact on the models. The models with the best explanatory capacity were those of the sub-basin spatial extent (R²adj = 0.20-0.57; median: R²adj = 0.35) and riparian (R²adj = 0.23-0.48; median: R²adj = 0.39), while the local extent (R²adj = 0.07-0.47; median: R²adj = 0.23) performed less effectively. Human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, eucalyptus planting, and mining were associated with worsened water quality across all analyzed extents. Conversely, patches of natural vegetation were found to act as controllers of water quality. The study underscores the urgent need to halt deforestation and degradation in areas near watercourses and throughout the watershed.

Diversity of Soil Macrofauna in Areas in the Cerrado Piauiense

Fri, 13 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The accelerated degradation that ecosystems have been suffering, mainly due to anthropic activity, however knowledge of the dynamics of organisms in each ecosystem is fundamental to improve soil quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil epigeic macrofauna in different agricultural ecosystems. The study areas are located in the municipality of Uruçuí-PI, in the Santa Ana farm. The experimental design used was completely randomized (IHD), with the treatments distributed in time and space, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, being three periods and four areas, in eight replications. For temperature, the treatments were arranged in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, represented by four areas (native forest, coconut cultivation, elephant grass and consolidated area) and three depths (surface, 7.5 cm and 15 cm), in four replications. Soil epigeic macrofauna, soil temperature and soil water content were evaluated. The consolidated area presented higher amounts of organisms and a greater number of orders. The water content presented higher value in the elephant grass area, and the temperature presented higher values in the three profused in the consolidated area. The hymenoptera order showed a higher number of individuals in all areas and periods of study, and presented low values of the Shannon and Pielou indices in all areas evaluated.

Eat Green: Households’ Consumption of Whole Plant Food and Incidence of Illnesses

Okon Asukwo, Adekemi Obisesan, Bolarin Omonona — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Dietary habits among other factors such as urbanization and westernization of lifestyle are responsible for the surge in the cost associated with non-communicable diseases globally and especially in developing countries. The study sheds light on the level of awareness of whole plant food, its consumption and its relationship with the number of reported illnesses among households. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data for the study. Two hundred and forty households were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression technique and ordinary least squares regression were utilized in the data analysis. The study revealed a low level of awareness of whole-plant food among households. Male-headed households have a higher level of awareness of whole plant food than households with female head. However, male-headed households consumed a smaller share of whole plant food (62.86) when compared with female-headed households with average extent of whole plant food of 63.10. Consequently, female-headed households recorded a lower incidence of illnesses. From the result of the logistic regression model, location, years of formal education, monthly income of spouse, and marital status significantly influenced the level of awareness of whole-plant food. The age of the household’s head, location and years of formal education have significant effect on how much whole-plant food is consumed. The incidence of illness reduces with increased extent of whole-plant consumption. Hence, there should be concerted and collective actions involving government and private sectors in creating more awareness of the health benefits of whole plant food consumption.

Revista Espinhaço interviews Wilbor Poletti: experiências da II Semana da Geologia da UFVJM - da especialização técnica ao fortalecimento do coletivo

Douglas Sathler — Tue, 26 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Revista Espinhaço entrevista Wilbor Poletti, bacharel e doutor em Geofísica pela Universidade de São Paulo (2012 e 2018, respectivamente), ambos com período de estágio acadêmico na University of Liverpool (6 e 12 meses, respectivamente). Realizou um pós-doutorado de 4 meses em 2018 no IAG-USP. Atualmente é docente do curso de Engenharia Geológica da UFVJM e vice-coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia da mesma instituição. Nesta entrevista, Wilbor fala sobre a experiência da II Semana de Geologia da UFVJM.

A note on the occurrence of Cyrtopodium paludicolum Hoehne (Cyrtopodiinae) in the Diamantino Plateau, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Wed, 27 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The genus Cyrtopodium comprises species that can exhibit epiphytic, rupicolous, and terrestrial habits. Although they have a wide distribution in the state of Minas Gerais, the occurrence of Cyrtopodium paludicolum Hoehne was unknown in the Diamantino Plateau, specifically in the municipality of Diamantina, until it was confirmed through field collections. This manuscript aims to present a note on this species’ new occurrence. The two fertile specimens found were collected in March, herborized, and deposited in Jeanine Felfili Dendrological Herbarium (HDJF) and Diamantina Herbarium (DIAM) of the Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM). We here present a picture of the species in its habitat, a map showing the location of its new sighting, its description, and a plate depicting its floral segments. This finding is significant for redefining the species' distribution range, especially because it has been frequently targeted by local orchid collectors.