Desenvolvimento de sistema de nano irrigação como diafragma de argila para redução de perda de água na produção vegetal em países de baixa renda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3956613Palavras-chave:
gestão de recursos hídricos, conflito, uso da água, regionalização de vazãoResumo
Os recursos hídricos serão mais afetados pelas mudanças climáticas. Tendo em vista que a agricultura nos países pobres depende enormemente do volume de precipitação, os efeitos das mudanças climáticas serão particularmente maiores nestes países. Todo esforço para melhorar a eficiência do uso da água é valido. Este trabalho apresenta um relatório do desenvolvimento do sistema de nano-irrigação usando argila moldada. O material de argila foi extraído localmente de um depósito próximo à comunidade de Isan-Ekiti, Nigéria. Quantidades variadas de serragem foi misturada à argila antes do molde. Como resultado, encontramos sete diferentes formas de tratar a argila de acordo com as razões de serragem: 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 e 40:60. As amostras foram submetidas a sundagem e mais tarde foram disparadas no forno a 700 o C. Este processo ajudou a reforçar os moldes e eliminar os burnouts de serragem. A partir do teste de descarga de água realizado através da conexão do emissor à extremidade de descarga de uma mangueira de água, o tratamento de 80:20 apresentou alta de 8,6 x 10-6 l / s (aproximadamente 1 litro / dia). As descargas correspondentes de 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 e 40:60 foram 4,3 x 10-5 l / s (2 litros / dia), 1,6 x 10-5 l / s (aproximadamente 4 litros / dia), 1,4 x 10-5 l / s (aproximadamente 5 litros / dia) e 1,2 x 10-5 l / s (aproximadamente 7 litros / dia). Em comparação com a fabricação comercial de drippers pela Netafim Ltd, a descarga foi muito mais eficiente na redução da perda de água de irrigação. A amostra de 70:30 foi considerada mais adequada para satisfazer a descarga de quantidade de água equivalente ao requisito de água dos vegetais de abóbora e okra. Isso foi confirmado no experimento de campo realizado com estas culturas. Na plataforma de utilização de materiais, o emissor desenvolvido apresentou um custo-efetivo 100 vezes melhor do que o pote de cozinha, e o retorno econômico para a mulher rural supera em muito o de outros produtos de cerâmica.
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