Fecundidade e comportamento reprodutivo em contextos de desastres: aspectos motivacionais ou mecanismos biológicos?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4432870Palavras-chave:
Demografia dos Desastres, Fecundidade e Desastres, Comportamento ReprodutivoResumo
A relação entre os desastres e fecundidade tem despertado o interesse de demógrafos e cientistas sociais de um modo geral. Entretanto, a variação na direção dos resultados para diferentes contextos, escalas (macro e micro) e níveis (domicílios, indivíduos, etc) ressalta a necessidade de reunir essas experiências para nortear a realização de futuras investigações. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o principal objetivo desse trabalho é destacar os avanços da pesquisa sobre fecundidade e comportamento reprodutivo em resposta aos desastres. A literatura mostrou divergências nos resultados encontrados e justificativas conflitantes para a associação entre a fecundidade e o comportamento reprodutivo em resposta aos desastres que, em certa medida, ocorrem em decorrência da diversidade de abordagens disciplinares e da carência por estudos qualitativos ou com metodologias do tipo mistas (quali-quanti). Ainda, existem lacunas sobre a direção das relações e os mecanismos que as justificam, se por decisões deliberadas das famílias, impactos nos serviços de saúde ou por questões fisiológicas. A América Latina pode fornecer contribuições férteis ao debate, devido à ocorrência de diversos desastres como as secas, os rompimentos das barragens e a epidemia de Zika Vírus no Brasil, além dos conflitos e as situações de instabilidade na Colômbia, Argentina e Chile.
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