Sistema de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas na identificação e monitoramento de espécies invasoras: uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70597/vozes.v12i26.1002Keywords:
Plataformas, UAS, UAV, SensoresAbstract
A incidência de espécies invasoras tem aumentado nos últimos anos, causando preocupações significativas devido aos impactos econômicos e à perda de biodiversidade. O monitoramento precoce dessas invasões é essencial para permitir intervenções antes que danos irreversíveis ocorram. Nesse contexto, o uso de tecnologias inovadoras, como aeronaves remotamente pilotadas (RPAs), tem se mostrado promissor por sua relação custo-benefício e eficiência. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática e bibliométrica para avaliar a aplicação de RPAs na detecção e monitoramento de espécies invasoras. Foram analisados 65 estudos extraídos das bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science, coletando-se informações sobre as espécies invasoras monitoradas, plataformas de RPAs utilizadas, tipos de sensores, e métodos de processamento de dados empregados. Os resultados indicam um aumento significativo no número de publicações sobre o tema entre 2015 e 2021, com a maioria das pesquisas realizadas na Europa (37,5%), América do Norte (26,5%) e Ásia (15,6%). A plataforma mais utilizada foi a de multirrotor, equipada com sensores RGB, enquanto os algoritmos mais frequentes para processamento de dados foram Random Forest (RF), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) e Support Vector Machines (SVM). Notou-se uma predominância de estudos focados em espécies herbáceas, e todos os trabalhos analisados relataram alta eficiência na detecção e monitoramento de invasões biológicas.
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