Energy, carbon dioxide and economic comparisons of tilapia sp. nnd cyprinus carpio in aquaponics system
Keywords:
Aquaponics, Tilapia s, Cyprinus carpio, energyAbstract
Aquaponics is a food production system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising fish) with hydroponics (cultivation of plants in water) in order to utilize the fish waste as a substrate for plants. In this study both Tilapia sp. and Cyprinus carpio (Koi) were compared to see the differences between food fish (Tilapia) and ornamental fish (Koi) in terms of energy and economics. Measurements of the electricity and CO2 emissions pulled during fish growth were calculated. The amount of CO2 produced from Koi was 3.6269 x 10-10 tonne CO2/tonne fish and Tilapia was 2.2029 x 10-10 CO2 tonne /tonne fish. It was found that Tilapia had a feed conversion ratio of 1.73 and Koi had 1.52, showing an increased ability to convert food to weight. It was also found that Koi have a higher retail value than Tilapia.
References
Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department. 2003. Food energy-methods of analysis and conversion factors. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5022e/y5022e05.htm#bm5
Blackwater Creek Koi Farms. 2013. Zen Cart. Cited on: 15 January 2014. Available from:
http://www.koisale.com/KoiStore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=108_67 &products_id=223
Craig A. Watson, Jeffrey E. Hill and Deborah B. Pouder. 2004. Species profile: koi and goldfish. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 7201: 1-6. Available from: http://www.aces.edu/dept/fisheries/aquaculture/documents/58641547201fs.pdf
DeLong DP, Losordo TM, Rokocy JE. 2009. Tank culture of tilapia. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 282: 1-8. Available from: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/52/
Durborow RM, Thune RL, Hawke JP, Camus AC. 1998. Columnaris disease: a bacteria infections caused by Flavobacterium columnare. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 479: 1-4. Available from: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/128/
Endut A, Jusoh¬ A, Ali N, Wan Nik WB. 2011. Nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater by vegetable production in aquaponics recirculation system. Desalination and Water Treatment 32: 422–430. Available from: www.deswater.com
EPA’s Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID). 2013. How clean is the electricity I use. Environmental Protection Agency. Cited on: 17 December 2013. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-andyou/how-clean.html
Fisherman’s Cove Seafood. 2013. Benson Technology. Cited on: 24 January 2014.
Available from: http://www.fishermanscoveseafood.com/tilapia-fillet-price-per-pound/
Masser MP. Jensen JW. 1991. Calculating treatments for ponds and tanks. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 410: 1-7. Available from: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/83/
Metacalf and Eddy. 1991. Waste water engineering: treatement, disposal, and reuse.
McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, NY, 1331 pp.
NYSERDA. 2013. Monthly Average Retail Price of Electricity – Commercial. U.S. DOE, Energy Information Administration. Cited on: 17 December 2013. Available from: http://www.nyserda.ny.gov/Energy-Data-and-Prices-Planning-andPolicy/Energy-Prices-Data-and-Reports/Energy-Prices/Electricity/Monthly-AvgElectricity-Commercial.aspx
Popma T, Masser M. 1999. Tilapia life history and biology. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 283: 1-4. Available from: http://aqua.ucdavis.edu/DatabaseRoot/pdf/282FS.PDF
Premium Fish Food. 2012. Tilapia food. The Premium Fish Food Company. Cited on: 12 December 2013. Available from: http://premiumfishfood.com/aquacultureaquaponics-fish-food/tilapia-food.html
Rakocy JE 1989. Tank culture of tilapia. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 282: 1-4. Available from: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/53/
Rakocy JE, Masser M, Losordo TM. 2006. Recurculation aquaculture tank production systems: aquaponics-integrating fish and plant culture. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 454: 1-16. Available from: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/105/
Rottmann RW, Francis-Floyd R, Durborow R. 1992. The role of stress in fish disease.
Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; Publication No. 474: 1-4. Available from: https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/121/
Ryan, P. 2007. Healthy fish are happy fish. Backyard Aquaponics, 27. Available from:
http://backyardmagazines.com/BYAP_Magazine_Issue1.pdf
SELF Nutrition Data. 2013. Nutrition facts: lettuce, butterhead. Conde Nast. Cited on: 11 December 2013. Available from: http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/vegetablesand-vegetable-products/2474/2
ShopRite. 2013. Boston Lettuce - HydroponicCited on 12 December 2013.
MyWebGrocer, Incorporated. Available from: http://www.shoprite.com/pd/Boston/Lettuce-Hydroponic/1-bunch/033383450377/
Sonesson U, Davis J, Zielgler F. 2010. Food production and emissions of greenhouse gasses. SIK: The Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology.
Sovacool B. 2008. Valuing the greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear power: A critical survey. Science Direct: Energy Policy; 36; 2940– 2953. Available from: http://www.nirs.org/climate/background/sovacool_nuclear_ghg.pdf
Tustin J. 2003. Municipal solid waste and its role in sustainability: a position paper prepared by IEA Bioenergy. IEA Bioenergy, New Zealand. Available from: www.ieabioenergy.com
Tyedmers P. 2001. Energy consumed by north Atlantic fisheries. School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Canada. Part 1: Basin scale analysis, 12-34. Available from: http://bluelobby.eu/downloads/fuel/Tyedmers_2001.pdf
USAID. 2011. Feed conversion ratio (FCR). USAID-Harvest. Cited on: 10 December 2013. Available from:
http://www.fintrac.com/cpanelx_pu/cambodia/15_21_9947_13_04_4043_Technical% 20Bulletin%207%20-%20Feed%20Conversion%20Ratio%20%28English%29.pdf
U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2011. Voluntary reporting of greenhouse gases program fuel emission coefficients. U.S. Department of Energy. Available from: http://205.254.135.7/oiaf/1605/coefficients.html
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
A Revista proporciona acesso público - Open Access - a todo seu conteúdo protegidos pela Licença Creative Commons (CC-BY).
