Biomonitoramento e pressões da urbanização: Uma abordagem integrada entre Ecologia e Geografia na bacia do rio das Velhas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3345811Palavras-chave:
Macroinvertebrados bentônicos, SIG, bacia de drenagem, degradação ambiental, dados censitários, uso e cobertura da terraResumo
A caracterização de bacias hidrográficas e o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de diagnóstico de qualidade ambiental para subsidiar o manejo sustentável de recursos hídricos requerem abordagens interdisciplinares. O objetivo deste estudo foi integrar métricas ecológicas e geográficas para diagnosticar qualidade de água na bacia do rio das Velhas, afluente do rio São Francisco (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Foram utilizadas as características da composição e estrutura de comunidades de bioindicadores bentônicos coletados em 19 diferentes afluentes na bacia do rio das Velhas. As informações geográficas foram adquiridas para cada uma das sub-bacias de drenagem de sítio amostral. A densidade populacional urbana e rural, a infraestrutura sanitária e o uso e cobertura da terra foram sintetizados através de uma análise de componentes principais (PCA). As associações entre as métricas ecológicas e geográficas foram analisadas através de regressões lineares, utilizando os três eixos mais representativos da PCA como preditores, sintetizando: (i) influência urbana (44,37 %), (ii) influência rural (16,88 %) e (iii) influência da cobertura natural (14,63 %). Os modelos gerados para as métricas biológicas riqueza taxonômica, diversidade de Shannon-Wienner, BMWP, ASPT e % Oligochaeta foram significativos (R2 ≥ 44-90, p < 0,002) e todos foram dependentes do primeiro eixo da PCA, evidenciando que as métricas biológicas são sensíveis às pressões urbanas. Nós concluímos que a urbanização é a principal fonte de influência de degradação de qualidade das águas do rio das Velhas, com potencial comprometimento para a bacia do Rio São Francisco.
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